To do this, to be the person that gains a following for their ability to step into a position of power and swim in shallow shark infested waters one must consider the fact that you will be attacked from all angles and your ability to eliminate the factors that are conducive to facilitating these attacks is crucial but do to so and make a massive statement is where the natural genius comes into play. Fact: the most sensitive part of the shark’s anatomy is it’s eyes, surfers and divers that can stay calm when a shark is circling before an attach will immediately go for the eyes of the shark, kick, punch and shred with the fingernails, diver’s knife, whatever they have. This is what the reader must consider when diving into a realm as competitive as obtaining the power in a general corporate or political ‘power grab’.

Don’t waste time on areas of the competitor that won’t have a disastrous affect immediately, a punch to the tail of fin won’t do anything is a shark attach, rip out the eyes and pummel the eye sockets and even if they keep coming they’ll be blind to your position which eliminates their position as a threat.

Know your competition, study them, identify their past affiliates and find out what they were like in the past, dig up dirt but don’t address them directly as this will make it too clear as to where the negative press is coming from, instead use a cat’s paw, third party to deliver the bad news. This third party should be completely none affiliated with you or your company and the information should be issued to them by a non affiliated messenger.

Find out where they sensitive points on the ‘mark’ reside. Is it voting record? Pump and Dump schemes with other public companies? Is it a politician without a pedigree making them a lap dog to the established politicians who just use them as a vote? Who are they taking campaign money from? Who has the CEO elected as CFO or CFO and is there a blatant demonstration of misjudgment etc.?

The obligatory power grab is like offering an ice cold bottle of water to a group of 100 lost trekkers in the desert, they will use every advantage and fight as dirty as they have to in order to achieve ownership of this prized item.

Don’t bring a slinky to a fist fight, bring a steel pipe, don’t go to war with paper planes and silly putty, use remote controlled drones that will be able to inflict massive damage from afar. Don’t enter into a political or power grab without the right support and names backing you or it will be disastrous.

Want to find out more about Political and Economic Strategies ? , then visit Princeton Corporate Solutions’ blog Economic Globalization Strategies and facilitation that can transform the direction of your company, career or campaign.

One of the first things you’ll realize is that winning is only a temporary byproduct of victory over a certain angle and it is only a matter of time until that competitor is back again, bigger and stronger than ever and once again posing a major threat to your organization as you must fight to keep your economic position in your niche marketplace.

The key element is to annihilate the opponent. But you cannot do this directly. One way to obliterate a competitor to the point of no return is to feed their smaller, more aggressive competitors with devastating information that you’ve dug up on the ‘target’ that will damage them in a way that offers no rebound potential.

Find information about the CEO, CFO, COO, board members, advisory board members, product or services weakness, angry customers (give them a public platform to voice their anger) make step in, be invisible, and use your social media agent to make these guys rock stars.

When the press is taking a crippling affect on your competitor you should be evaluating their share price, buy some and dump it and continue to do this ongoing with any major competitor (check with your attorney to find out about any legal issues you should be aware of first). If a mugger is coming at you with a knife you don’t want to kick him in the shin, you want to grab a steel pipe and smack him over the skull until his laying on the ground and you can remove the weapon from his hand, a chump laying on the ground unconscious without a weapon ceases to be a threat. Business is no different.

Want to find out more about Political and Economic Strategies ? , then visit Princeton Corporate Solutions’ blog Economic Globalization Strategies and facilitation that can transform the direction of your company, career or campaign.

Many Are Learning About Entertainment and the Dangers Posed to Freedom That Come From Spending Too Much Time Observing Fake Life Instead of Living Real Life.

We all live stressful lives and this is one reason we are interested about entertainment. When we return home from a hard-day’s work, we often relax in front of the TV, so we can quietly sit and let the entertainment think for us.

Entertainment is great and it helps us to relax and unwind. There are more TV channels than ever because of this, so many people sit on their butts all day that they get very fat and are unable to move.

Entertainment does have a dark side, and this is because there is so much entertainment available it is making the population stupid. Many of these TV shows are addictive and you will find that some peoples’ lives revolve completely around the TV.

Entertainment Causes no Thought About Totalitarianism

TV and films are making sure that we don’t have time to think about what’s really going on; everyone is too interested in watching TV. We no longer have the ability to think for ourselves because everything is given to us on a plate. There is of course one problem for the elite and that’s the internet.

The internet can be used for entertainment, and it can also be used to gather knowledge. As knowledge is power, the elite are not keen on us knowing any of this information which is why they plan to destroy the internet by 2012.

The elite are the mega-rich families from all over the world that are pushing for a single world government. It’s these rich families that have been behind many of the terrorist attacks to show us exactly why we need to do something to protect this country. It’s also the elite that have drummed up the idea of global warming so that we have to all pull together and do things as a team.

The elite have controlled the media for years, consolidation has meant that there are now only a few media companies. This means that the elite are able to control what people know and the TV is their greatest weapon. TV can be used to control us and make us stupid.

Social Engineering Perfected Through Entertainment

TV is a science that the elite have been perfecting how to use for generations. TV programs are now used to condition us ever since birth. Think about the number of TV programs aimed at children these days; these are all created to mould the minds of the young and to stop us asking questions.

As a result of TV, we will be much more open to being told what to do. TV changes brain activity patterns and is actually a form of hypnosis.

Entertainment is not scary; it’s actually what’s going on behind the scenes that is. If you dig around and start asking questions about entertainment, then you will quickly learn that lots of things are going on that we don’t realize.

TV is keeping us from asking questions while genetically modified foods creep onto our shelves. Our constitutional rights are also being violated, but we sit down and take it. Entertainment is stopping us from thinking, and the likes of Rupert Murdoch, aka the Devil, are using it to their advantage.

It’s important to start asking what entertainment is doing to our society and to find out what is really going on. We simply don’t know enough about entertainment and what’s secretly happening behind the scenes.

Visit Mark A Cella‘s site, www.Mark-Cella.com for more Mark A Cella fun and serious matters.

The issue of American consumerism is being brought up more and more these days in light of the current financial crisis that the US is having.

But what is consumerism? Many people aren’t even really sure what consumerism really is. Consumerism can be defined in two ways. In economic terms, consumerism is the practice of people buying goods beyond the things that they need to survive.

For example, someone that buys wine to drink but has water or milk at home is engaging in consumerism because he or she doesn’t need the wine to drink but is buying just because he or she wants it and has the disposable income to purchase it.

Consumerism can also be defined as the practice of equating self worth and societal status with the purchase of goods and services.

What is consumerism in one country might not be the same as what is considered consumerism in another country based on the scarcity or abundance of resources in that particular country.

Consumerism and Capitalism

US culture is almost 100% consumerist because many Americans engage in consumerism either by purchasing things that they don’t need to survive or by finding their own self worth or judging others by what they purchase and how much they consume.

Consumerism is a by product of unchecked capitalism and the current US economic crisis is a good example of what happens when unrestricted capitalism and unchecked consumerism are allowed to flourish in a society.

It’s the job of corporations and businesses to sell their products to consumers by any means necessary, which usually means advertising. Advertising creates the idea that a person’s worth or happiness is determined by what they own and how much they own.

The best example to illustrate this mode of thinking is the sale of lipsticks. Studies have shown that the worse off people are financially the higher the sales of lipsticks are.

Why? Because women who are feeling bad about their economic situations and feeling their self worth take a dive when they lack the purchasing power to purchase bigger items will spend anywhere from $10 to $30 on a lipstick as a way to cheer themselves up.

Shopping has been promoted as a cure for women’s depression for years because in US culture an individual’s self worth, male or female, is tied to the possessions that they own.

Consumerism Destined to Fail

When that advertising created myth becomes the reality of a culture, the way it has in the US, economic disaster is sure to follow.

No economic system can survive when people purchase items that they can’t afford using credit and not worrying about they are going to pay for those purchases.

In the US consumers aren’t taught to spend their money responsibly, they are actually encouraged to live way beyond their means.

Unfortunately, many people do just that because they don’t know how to handle their money.

Predatory businesses that prey on unwary customers who are desperate to buy a little self-esteem or a little more social status are partly to blame for the economic downfall of the US but the consumers bears some of the responsibility, too.

It’s a consumer’s duty to be aware of his or her own financial situation and to not give in to the persuasive attempts of businesses to convince them to buy more stuff.

It can be tough to resist slick ads created by ad companies that are trained in the art of manipulation and psychological warfare but people need to realize that they are more than just consumers if they are going to find a way to survive the current economic crisis without falling into complete financial disaster as a result.

Learn more about Mark Cella. Stop by Mark A Cella’s site where you can find out all about Mark A Cella and his work.

categories: consumerism,shopping,entertainment,distraction

Here you’ll discover two Pearl Harbor videos that expose the fact that the attack was allowed to happen by U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt and his cronies.

Understand that Roosevelt was merely a puppet for the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR).

‘For a long time I felt that FDR had developed many thoughts and ideas that were his own to benefit this country, the USA. But he didn’t. Most of his thoughts, his political ‘ammunition,’ as it were, was carefully manufactured for him in advance by the Council on Foreign Relations-One World Money Group.’

- Curtis Dall, ex-President Franklin Roosevelt’s son-in-law

The Council on Foreign Relations conspiracy still rages today as we’re brought closer to a totalitarian Global Community (New World Order).

‘Roosevelt was himself a protypic Wall Streeter. His family had been involved in…

New York banking since the eighteenth century. His uncle, Frederic Delano, was on the original Federal Reserve Board.’

James Perloff

‘The question was how we should maneuver them into the position of firing the first shot without too much danger to ourselves…. It was desirable to make sure the Japanese be the ones to do this so that there should remain no doubt in anyone’s mind as to who were the aggressors.’

Secretary of War Henry Stimson

FDRS PEARL HARBOR VIDEOS – FATHER JOHN O’CONNOR ON ROOSEVELT

While we agree with O’Connor’s talk on Roosevelt and his ties to Communism, we must all be careful not to link all New World Order activities back to the Jews only. Much of this was perpetrated through the Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion. There’s still great debate over this book. Our view is that the content is an accurate betrayal those seeking New World Order, but that it was later altered to put the blame over on the Jews.

FDRS’ MARK CELLA – PEARL HARBOR PERSPECTIVE – BE CAREFUL WHICH ‘EXPERTS’ YOU LISTEN TO

In the following link, you’ll find a video called, ‘FDR Pearl Harbor Conspiracy’. It offers people arguing that FDR knew of and planned the attack on Pearl Harbor and some trying to debunk that idea. Take a look at the so-called ‘de-bunkers’. You’ll find that one (David Kennedy) was educated at universities such as Yale.

Yes, the same school that produces Yale’s Skull and Bones, which feeds into the CFR Shadow Government, which feeds into the One World Government plan.

You’ll find one (David Kahn) that’s worked as a scholar in residence at the National Security Agency (NSA). Yes, the same NSA that’s brought us the ECHELON Advanced Surveillance System to spy on you with.

Do you want to listen to people educated and taught by the same New World Order guys looking to enslave you? It’s always a good idea to research where the so-called ‘experts’ have been ‘educated’.

FDRS’ MARK CELLA – PEARL HARBOR PERSPECTIVE – UNDERSTANDING THE BANKING LINK TO ALL THIS

Americans need to clearly understand how international bankers and industrialists have a plan for New World Order, whether the average person believes it or not. The destruction of American sovereignty must be placed at the forefront of all people’s minds. It’s time to stop watching as the elite continues to fool most people.

Allow us to bring in the words of John Adams.

‘All the perplexities, confusion and distress in America arise not from defects in their Constitution or Confederation, nor from want of honor or virtue, so much as downright ignorance of the nature of coin, credit and circulation.’

Yes, the ability for the unconstitutional rouge government to rule goes directly to the fact that the American people don’t understand the Federal Reserve and our so-called ‘money’.

The good news is that once you understand that the elite funds New World Order activities through illegal taxation and fraudulent debt creation, you can then begin to see how they can be defeated. By blindly buying into federal taxes and a mountain of debt, Americans are unwittingly funding the elite and their totalitarian plans.

It doesn’t have to be this way. If the people are educated on the fraud, the fraud falls apart.

We’re exposing the fraud of Federal Reserve banking history and its resultant money creation scheme that allows the banking elite to steal from the American public the funds needed to bring their Global Community into reality.

Looking to do more research on the FDRS Mark Cella perspective, then visit and find more about of FDRS Mark Cella perspective.

The reality is much more technical but once you understand the process you can step in and lead just about any cause, campaign or company. The formula for leadership is not necessarily your position on a cause but two things, the conception of your idea on a cause and you as an individual that can embody the hopes and aspirations of those around you which will draw them to you and will eventually become your flock. The key element here is to grow your flock. To do this you need to first find those seeking a leader, find the common thread they all share in seeking a leader and what causes they support.

Many people want to be influential but they freeze up when it comes down to stepping out and taking on the position. Once you’ve identified a group you’ll need to assimilate into this group and start from the top to the bottom on their cause list. Make your presence known. Get on committees and stay close to those who already have a following. Be seen with this person as an insider having serious conversations and don’t forget to laugh. Followers are watching your interaction from afar and the visual element and timing here is crucial.

Most likely these leaders you’ve identified yourself with have polarized themselves and are voluntarily secluded as they’ve reached the limit of their comfort zone and have not journeyed to other groups to build their following, you will be different. As you serve on these committees you will use the influence of these currently micro leaders to immediately gain committed followers on multiple fronts. You’ll build your following based off of the leaders you bring in who have the following and you won’t waste your time with going after the actual individual follower. So to be clear you will be at the top of the food-chain by creating a new position above the current leadership and you’ll be the one with the ultimate power by having the ability to engage multiple groups simultaneously. You’ll be asked by other, less evolved leaders beneath you for introductions to other entity members and leaders. You’re objective here is to make introductions that outwardly seem free and open while you remain in control of the communication between individuals so you don’t find a rival situation on your hands.

Application of this concept would go something like this: join the chamber of commerce, buy a members guide, go to the section that lists the groups and the group leaders, this is where your infiltration will be initiated. Research each leader with a basic Google search, know their likes and dislikes, hobbies and everything about their company and their immediate competition before you even visit the first meeting. Take your time with this as you will never get a second chance to make that first impression. After you’ve don’t your research and feel ready, make sure that your body language speaks volumes by demonstrating confidence and by all means make your knowledge seem passive and off the cuff. Don’t be a close talker, don’t be a know it all and don’t seem overly aggressive as if you have an agenda. If the current leadership feels threatened in any way you’re done, it’s over. You’ll never get a chance to break in and word will spread like wildfire.

Each inside group has an applicable version of the ‘good old boy club’ identify the characteristics of these individuals when you are in the group, apply the knowledge you’ve absorbed in research, throw out some helpful ideas and ease in like an old man in a hot warm bath.

Once you’ve conquered one group, step into the next and the next and soon you’ll run into others at the same level as you and from their you’ll pick a leader that you can control and use your circle of influence to get your agenda out their based off of the exceptional pedigree of the individual demonstrating a willingness to be controlled in order to feel and put up the illusion that he is the one in control.

There’s a lot to swallow here but read this a few times and let it sink in and by that time we’ll have the second article out to take you from here to the next strategy to claim your position at the top.

Want to find out more about Political and Economic Strategies ? , then visit Princeton Corporate Solutions’ blog Economic Globalization Strategies and facilitation that can transform the direction of your company, career or campaign.

categories: 48 laws of power,33 strategies of war,the art of war,political strategies,political strategist,corporate strategist,expansion strategist,Machiavelli

The talking heads are little more than a distribution mechanism for the strategists behind them that have placed them in a position. The talking head is a willing participant, whether they are a congressman or CEO, these individuals possess one universal theme, they have limited ego and are willing to give up their personal schema in order to convince the public of their position. Behind them is an organization whether it be a board, lobbyist or special interest group that feeds them a daily script and/or voting schedule and the process is simple, the puppet keeps their position as long as they are willing to place personal ideas and convictions aside and regurgitate the information and ideologies of those who have placed them in this position.

An interesting note here is that I’ve consulted with some organizational front men who were completely unaware of the fact that their promotion to this particular position was engineered whether they are a CEO or a politician. Chaos is a strategy that always works, all you need are the right people with the most influential pedigrees to convince the character that right is left and up is down. The glove-puppet is classically the easiest to maneuver and will believe whatever he’s told as long as his handlers paint the picture that he is the one with the power to distribute.

One aspect that people don’t realize is that these organizations are characteristically a pyramid association and inter-reliant and at times the pieces work independent of the other and never actually converse in person but via indirect communication. These indirect communiqus are typically set up like an Olympic relay race where one party hands off a message or agenda and from one person to the next, each putting the necessary spin on the information so that by the time the concept is delivered to the ‘face’ to the union whether they be a political or corporate the message has all the necessary elements and support needed to complete the objective whether it be a vote in congress or a corporate strategy passed down by current or future ‘agenda’ based shareholders, through the rabbit tunnel and to the lips of the CEO.

Often times the concepts of chaos seen in the media for both of these stages is manufactured and not the actual reality but the potential reality as a market/vote support test to see the reaction before the action is facilitated. Whether the outcome is good or bad is all relative to the strategy of those controlling the agenda.

The individual identified by the public as the figurehead or decision maker, in most cases is anything but. Think George Bush Jr., and do some investigating and you’ll find that he was, for the most part the brunt of jokes and considered a goofball by everyone within his family’s social circle, university, business and even political but he was willing to place personal conviction aside to be the talking head for multiple conservative special interest groups, lobbyists and even religious organizations on the right.

Whether you consider this ethical or not it’s the way it’s always been done in large structured organizations of commerce and legislative. You have to admit, it’s easier to have one sacrificial lamb than a dozen and the puppet masters can simply change out the individual delivering the message if his/her reputation catches up with them and dilutes the message.

The pyramid of power comes to a point at the top and the bottom as those actually in control are at the top, they distribute their message through the belly and at the bottom where the organization comes to a point again, and this is where the public believes the apex of power initiates. There is indeed order and power in chaos.

Want to find out more about Political and Economic Strategies ? , then visit Princeton Corporate Solutions’ blog Economic Globalization Strategies and facilitation that can transform the direction of your company, career or campaign.

Civil Rights and Liberties Are Under Serious Attack. Without Our Basic Freedoms as Afforded by Constitutional Law, We Are Stripped of All Means by Which to Fight NWO.

Our civil rights and liberties have always been under threat and challenged, but never more so than in these times as the war on terrorism is the buzzword on everyone’s mind. Our government is taking away our rights under the guise of keeping Americans “safe.”

Add new technology to the equation, new technology that allows the government to invade our privacy any time they choose, and our freedoms are backed into the corner.

Americans of all backgrounds are feeling the threat against our rights, but none more so than people of Arab descent. We need to work together as one with the government to repair our civil rights and freedoms, starting with abolishing the Patriot Act.

Other ways in which we can protect our rights are by putting an end to the arrest of civilians without cause or warrant as well as prevent the secret detention of people suspected of terrorist activity.

And don’t forget repealing the phrase ‘probable cause’ which has led to the invasion of privacy in countless incidents anytime the government felt like taking a look. All of these policies point to the weakening of judicial power in the government, power the executive branch has taken over.

Americans, in the name of fighting terrorists, are now subjected to policies and practices that do nothing to apprehend terrorists, but do everything to take away our civil rights and liberties. We once fought for the civil rights of people with disabilities, people of color, for women, and for people of different religions. Now we find ourselves fighting for our basic rights that are clearly outlined in the United States Constitution.

Mark Cella on American Civil Rights and Liberties

Congress passed the Patriot Act in 2001 in an effort to aid in the fight against terrorism. This bill alone has destroyed and eaten away at many of our civil rights and liberties. The Patriot Act allows the United States government to detain and hold any foreigners they feel may be a threat to the security of the country.

The act also allows the government to eavesdrop on conversations between lawyers and their clients who are being held in a federal prison if it’s suspected it might deter future acts of violence or terrorism.

Under the Patriot Act, the government and federal agents are now allowed surveillance of e-mail and telephone conversations. They also have the authorization to search anyone’s home or personal property.

These operations, called ‘sneak and peak,’ don’t require a warrant or prior notification to the individual being searched. The Patriot Act has overtaken and overwhelmed this country in so many ways that it’s hard to fathom it’s actually happening.

This type of government authority is something we once expected of communist countries, but now we’re experiencing this extreme violation of our freedoms here in our own country.

Mark Cella on American Civil Rights and Liberties

Even though the government will tell you the curtailment of these civil rights and liberties are directed toward suspected terrorists, the truth is that all Americans are affected by these conditions. The atmosphere of war is contagious and there isn’t one person who isn’t affected in some way, no matter how small.

Our right to freedom of speech, to voice our opinions, has been severely threatened all around the country. On December 15, 2001, Janis Besler Heaphy, publisher of the Sacramento Bee, was unable to finish her commencement speech at California State University.

Heaphy made the suggestion that the United States government had gone too far in the curtailing of civil liberties since 9/11.

She was immediately booed by hecklers who resented her implication that too much was being done to retaliate for the attacks on 9/11 when in actuality Heaphy was simply exercising her right to freedom of speech, to make her opinion in a public forum.

Mark Cella on Civil Rights and Liberties

In the case of Heaphy, the media stepped in and supported her right to freedom of speech:

“Many interpret it as a troubling example of rising intolerance for public discourse that questions the nation’s response to the September 11 terror attacks.”

- Geoffrey Mohan, December 20, 2001, Los Angeles Times

The Los Angeles Times was not alone in reporting on this incident. The New York Times and other major newspapers also made sure this story was heard, and Nightline on ABC News did a special report on Heaphy.

This is just one example of what’s been happening all around America. If you’re not completely for the war on terrorism and up to losing a few of your civil liberties, then you must be on the side of terrorists. How many more of our civil rights and liberties do we have to justify before many of them are gone completely?

Want to find out more about Mark Cella, then visit Mark Cella’s site on for a variety of humor and serious topics Mark Cella.

US Oil Reserves Replacement Wrong to Private Profiteers.

US oil reserves registered as proven oil do not include the 1.5 trillion barrels worth of black gold enmeshed in shale deposits.

At least 800 billion barrels is thought to be recoverable, equivalent to the oil reserves of the Saudi Kingdom.

This unconventional oil, is released from the rock when it is heated.

The abundance of this resource and others such as oil sands in Canada belie the deceit on the part of the media and governments in fabricating fears of an end to oil supplies.

Mark A Cella US Oil Reserves Run Radically Deep

While alternative energy is advisable to end environmental degradation, the scare of scant supply is a scam to pump up prices and pilfer profits from already pummeled working people.

Shell is currently testing methods of extracting oil from shale while still in the ground, eliminating the investment in mining the material.

More than 15 billion barrels may be extractable in other countries.

Vast amounts of power and water are likely needed to unlock this resource.

New petroleum sources strip sensibility from pump prices.

Of course, experiments in harvesting this material are arguably a waste of work, better bestowed upon using clean fuel options.

Mark A Cella on US Oil Reserves

US oil reserves dependency is devastating and demented. Oil companies have held households hostage and what is left of small businesses are battling bankruptcy. In part this is due to the expensive energy economy.

It is designed for dynamic delivery of profits to private parasitic pirates that ransack the revenue of working people at every step. Alternative options are of no interest to the corporate cartel that controls energy.

This means the US is once again falling behind China and Japan in research and development of cutting edge cars and technologies. The small owning class in America cares not. They are allied with Japanese and European capitalists to keep their quintessential cut of world resources and personal profits.

Mark A Cella on Radically Deep US Oil Reserves

Right wing wackos argue that US oil reserves are restricted by environmental regulations. Progress is prevented from proceeding by corporate criminals. These are the culprits keeping clean capacities at bay.

They know that real alternatives are their enemy. Energy sovereignty could emerge to eliminate a portion of their trickle up economic fortunes.

Mark A Cella US Oil Reserves Run Radically Deep

The US oil reserves reflected in proven oil is indicated as incomplete. Additionally reserves have risen in recent years despite prognostics of Peak Oil problems. Prices however, do not plummet at the pumps. They are maintained and manipulated. This is to keep the already filthy rich rolling in ridiculous revenue.

Wars are justified on these lies of US fuel shortages in order to shore up control of quality oil such as in Iraq and the Caspian Sea. Production is cheaper than in the case of shale or Canadian oil sands. US soldiers are slaughtered and return the favor to other working people in defense of demented designs for a New Order.

This order pivots on protecting resources for the rich rulers of the US political and economic system for generations to come. It is the scourge of the planet.

Learn more about Mark A Cella. Stop by Mark A Cella’s site where you can find out all about Mark A Cella and his work.

The History of the US Jury System is Important. One of the More Beneficial Components of Our Existing Government is a Court System That is Fair “in Theory”.

The history of the US jury system shows that justice is dispensed only to the members of the elite, while minorities and the poor are singled out for cruel and unusual sentences. There is little doubt that in practice, this is the way our system works.

Still, it is considered to be in compliance with the 6th Amendment of the Constitution of the Republic of the United States of America.

A trial jury is composed of six members, whom are supposed to be peers, or more or less homogenous with the background of the person being tried (the defendant).

Mark A Cella on Jury Activism History

For crimes that are considered felonies, trial by jury is guaranteed in the US civilian courts. Some societies such as Japan consider trial by jury to be much too risky for an innocent person, placing their fate in untrained lay people, rather than schooled judges.

And while it was once a voluntary part of the Japanese legal regiment, it was terminated in 1943. In other societies, like the UK and the US, a jury trial is considered an objective arena, in which the peers of the accused can judge the defendant, in order to provide the fairest and most impartial process possible.

It is considered to be a constitutional right that defends one accused of a felony from possible capricious behavior, overzealous or corrupt actions on the part of judicial officials and prosecutors.

Mark A Cella on Jury Activism

The history of the US jury system goes back to the Magna Carta, although it has evolved since then. It was not until the late 17th Century that the complete independence of a jury was legalized in England, the predecessor and template of the judicial process of the USA.

It was in the year 1670 that the jury was legally left free and without threat of punishment for deciding by conscience, even when that contradicted written statutes of the law.

Mark A Cella on Jury Activism

In recent years the history of the US jury system has entered into a new moment. A growing percentage of Americans have become skeptical of the legal system and its ability to resolve in favor of justice, rather than in favor of moneyed interests.

It is within that framework, that a growing number of juries in the past two decades have come to utilize jury nullification. A process that releases defendants that were in clear violation of the law, but had acted with a moral imperative.

Mark A Cella on History of US Jury System

The history of the US jury system has shown a tendency toward maintaining the ignorance of jurors, regarding the full spectrum of the power of the jury as the last defense for citizens within the legal system.

Court rulings have gone as far as to gag defense attorneys from expanding on the rights and powers of the jury, to break from the instructions of judges, regarding how to arrive at a verdict. The instructions are based solely on legal arguments, obviating decisions based on moral imperatives.

US citizens must come to understand the importance of educated and conscious participation as jurors, in order to protect the rights of fellow citizens from the possible excesses of power by judges and prosecutors.

Learn more about Mark A Cella. Stop by Mark A Cella’s site where you can find out all about Mark A Cella and his work.